• A study analyzing 12.5 million researchers shows that younger scientists are more likely to achieve groundbreaking discoveries that overturn existing paradigms.
  • Older researchers are better at combining existing ideas in new ways (combinatorial creativity).
  • With age, the likelihood of publishing papers that disrupt established thinking decreases.
  • An example of disruptive research is AlphaFold, developed by 30-year-old John Jumper.
  • The Western scientific system prioritizes experience, making it harder for young researchers to break through.
  • Countries with younger scientific communities, such as China and India, produce more groundbreaking research.